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酰肼活性染料介绍：
※ 酰肼系列染料是明亮的、极易溶于水的无毒分子，可用作醛固定的细胞示踪剂。它们还可用于标记多糖、碳水化合物或糖蛋白的醛基或酮基。
※ 酰肼活性染料是能与生物分子中的醛基和酮基发生反应的羰基活性染料。
※ 酰肼与醛、酮等羰基化合物反应生成稳定的腙，是一种重要的反应类型。 酰腙属于席夫碱，结构稳定，不易水解，具有许多优越的性能。 大多数酰基腙化合物具有广泛的生物和药理活性，以及在催化、分析和光电方面的其他重要应用。

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有许多方法可以在生物分子中产生羰基。具体示例如下：
生物分子的逐渐氧化过程会产生活性中间产物——羰基配合物（含醛和酮的生物分子）。氧敏感蛋白在经历氧化应激或脱氨基作用时会自发形成羰基。
糖蛋白是一类具有广泛功能的含糖结合蛋白。糖蛋白不仅是细胞膜、细胞间基质、血浆、粘液、激素等的重要组成部分，而且还起润滑剂的作用，抑制蛋白水解酶的水解，防止细菌和病毒侵入生物体。高碘酸是一种氧化剂，能将多糖残基中的二羟基或三羟基氧化成相应的醛。因此，酰肼活性染料可以标记糖蛋白，适用于未知样品的分析和样品纯度的鉴定。这种方法特别适用于标记抗体。
寡核苷酸通常具有羰基。醛嘧啶是一种核苷酸中的嘧啶修饰碱基。醛基是修饰DNA中天然核苷酸的重要基团。
酰肼活性染料与生物分子中的各种羰基反应平稳且几乎定量，可用于标记蛋白质、肽和寡核苷酸/DNA。

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酰肼与羰基化合物的反应：

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Alkyne hydrazide	Bifunctional reagent containing alkyne group and hydrazide function. It reacts with aldehydes and ketones. Alkyne group can then be coupled with various azides via CuAAC reaction.
BDP 558/568 hydrazide	BDP 558/568 hydrazide is a carbonyl reactive dye with emission in orange/yellow part of the spectrum.
BDP 581/591 hydrazide	BDP 581/591 is a multi-purpose dye with bright emission. This is a hydrazide dye for the conjugation with aldehydes and ketones.
BDP 630/650 hydrazide	A carbonyl reactive borondipyrromethene based dye for the red channel (Cyanine5).
BDP FL hydrazide	Bright and photostable, carbonyl reactive borondipyrromethene dye for FAM channel.
BDP R6G hydrazide	BDP R6G hydrazide is a borondipyrromethene dye whose absorption and emission spectra resemble R6G. This is a carbonyl reactive compound.
BDP TR hydrazide	BDP TR hydrazide for the labeling of carbonyl compounds with BDP TR, a borondipyrromethene matching ROX channel.
Cyanine3 hydrazide	Cyanine3 hydrazide is a carbonyl-reactive dye for Cy3 channel.
Cyanine5 hydrazide	Cy5 hydrazide is a reactive dye for aldehydes and ketones. It can be used for the labeling of glycoproteins after periodate oxidation of sugar moieties.
Cyanine5.5 hydrazide	Cyanine5.5 hydrazide is a carbonyl reactive NIR dye which is particularly suitable for the labeling of periodate oxidized glycoproteins, i.e. antibodies.
Cyanine7 hydrazide	Carbonyl reactive NIR fluorophore for the labeling of aldehydes, ketones, including glycoproteins subjected to periodate oxidation.
Cyanine7.5 hydrazide	Near infrared fluorophore functionalized with hydrazide moiety. Reactive against carbonyl compounds, useful for the labeling of saccharides, and antibodies after periodate oxidation.
FAM hydrazide, 5-isomer	FAM hydrazide is a carbonyl reactive fluorescein derivative. Pure 5-isomer. Can label oxidized proteins, saccharides, and many small molecules with carbonyl groups.
FAM hydrazide, 6-isomer	6-FAM hydrazide is a carbonyl reactive fluorescein (FAM) derivative. This product contains a pure 6-isomer of fluorescein.
Pyrene hydrazide	Pyrene hydrazide is a carbonyl reactive dye for the conjugation of pyrene fluorophore with aldehydes and ketones.
Sulfo-Cyanine3 hydrazide	Cyanine3 hydrazide with sulfo groups, well soluble in water and readily reacting with carbonyl compounds.
TAMRA hydrazide, 6-isomer	6-TAMRA azide is a carbonyl reactive hydrazide derivative of tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) fluorophore.